Ch 20 Cultural_Intellectual

Cultural

Three Estates/Classes

• Fighters - Followed code of Chivalry (Code of ethics.)
• Clergymen
• Workers

• People didn't have fully luxurious lives, but people that fought were able to enjoy life and exercise their freedom.

• Chrisitanity was important because of the beliefs and rituals that gave them meaning to individual lives. Bound them into coherent communities.

• Practice of sacraments or holy rituals.

7 main sacraments. - Would protect individuals from sudden death and advance worldly interests.
Inlcuding:

• Baptism - acceptance into Chiristian society
• Matrimony
• Penance
• Euchrist - Meal presented by the priest representing the last meal of Jesus.

• Looked up to Virgin Mary most of all.
• According to church teachings, Saints were human beings that led such exemplary lives that God held them in high esteem.

• St. Dominic and St. Francis created the order of Mendicants.
  • Groups broke away from the Roman Catholic church and made their own religions.
    • EX: Walkdensians led simple lives.
    • EX: Cathersled simple lives and believed the world was evil.
      • Crusade against the Cathers.

Intellectual

• Mid-twelfth century. Some cathedrals were turned into universities. Universities allowed people to earn degrees in advanced education.

Aristotle.

• Writings translated into Latin.
• Widely used by the upper classes and scholars.
  • Lower class didn't have access to such documents.
• Scholasticism - Synthesization of Christian belief and logic of Greek philosophy.

Approved by Karina Maloney